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你可能听说过双专业(double major)，但你听说过双学位(dual degree)吗？有些人可能会将这两个概念混淆。双专业的学生毕业时只拿到一个文凭，但文凭上会标明所学的两个专业细分的领域。在双学位项目中，你将同时学习两个学术领域，为你赢得两个独立的学位。
下面，我们将解释什么是双学位，并通过具体例子来展示。本文还将介绍获得双学位的利弊，并希望给学生们一些提示，帮助你决定双学位是否适合。
什么是双学位
双学位，是指同时学习两个通常非常不同的领域，并获得两个独立的学位（每门学科一个）。例如，如果你在双学位项目中学习心理学和商业，你毕业时就会获得两个学位（即两个文凭）：心理学文学士（BA）和工商管理学士（BBA）。
双学位通常授予两种不同类型的学位，如文学学士（Bachelor of Arts)/理学学士(Bachelor of Science)学位组合、理学学士(Bachelor of Science)/艺术学士（Bacholor of Fine Arts)、理学学士(Bachelor of Science)/工商管理学士（Bachelor of business Administration)等。有些双学位项目会同时授予你一个本科学士学位和一个研究生学位。
此外，双学位项目的两个研究领域通常设在大学的两个不同的学院里。因此，想要攻读双学位的人通常必须分别向两所学院申请并获得录取。截止日期可能也不同。双学位比单独学位需要更多的学分。毕业需要的学分总数取决于就读的大学要求。
最后，由于同时攻读两个学位，需要比单一学位更多的学分，你很可能需要在大学里花更多的时间，通常是5到6年。这也意味着你将会花费更多的钱，因为需要支付额外的课程/学分、书本费，甚至是生活成本。
双学位和双专业的区别
基本上，双专业是指你在一个学位课程中学习两个领域，而双学位是指你在两个独立的学位课程中学习两个领域。这是双学位和双专业之间最大的区别，但还有很多方法可以区分这两种选择。
例如，对于双专业，学生的两个专业通常设在同一所学校或学院，并将授予你相同类型的学位，比如同时拿到计算机科学和经济学的BA学位。
此外，双专业虽然学分所需比单独专业多一些，但通常可以在四年内完成。
双学位的类型
由于有众多的专业和领域可以结合起来获得双学位，所以很难确定有多少种双学位项目。
最简单的分类方法是按照它们所授予的学位类型来看待它们。因此，我们将双学位项目主要分为三种类型。
-授予两个学士学位的项目
-授予一个学士学位和一个硕士学位的项目
-授予两个研究生专业学位的项目
A. 授予两个学士学位的项目
这种双学位是最常见的。各学校对于申请时间要求不同，有的学校允许在上大学之前就申请双学位，而有些学校只允许你在上大学至少一两年之后再申请。
下图列出部分代表性的学校和本科双学位对于学分的要求
|
University |
Bachelor’s Degree Combos Offered |
Notes |
|
Boston University |
BA/BS, BA/BFA, BA/BM, BS/BFA, BS/BM |
Credit requirements vary. Open to specific major combos only. |
|
Brown University |
BA/BS |
Minimum 38 credits and 10 semesters (five years). |
|
Columbia University |
BA/BS in Engineering |
Program is usually completed as a 3-2 sequence: three years in a liberal arts curriculum and two years in Columbia Engineering (with students applying in the junior year) |
|
Cornell University |
BA/BS or BFA/BS |
Program typically takes five years and requires students complete 30 distinct credits for each major. Open to specific major combos only. |
|
Northwestern University |
BA/BS Engineering, BA/BM Music |
Foundational courses can count toward both degrees. Otherwise, must complete all additional requirements for both degrees. |
|
New York University |
Available in multiple combinations pending university approval. |
Students can create their own degree combinations |
|
Stanford University |
BA/BS |
Minimum 225 credits. |
|
University of Alabama |
BA/BS |
Minimum 30 additional credit hours. |
|
University of Denver |
BA/BS, BA/BFA, BS/BFA, BA/BM, BS/BM, BFA/BM, etc. |
Minimum 228 quarter hours. Many combinations of bachelor’s degrees possible. |
|
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
Various combinations of LAS (Liberal Arts Studies) degree programs with other degrees available |
Must complete an additional 30 hours above the chosen degree with the highest number of required hours. |
|
University of Michigan |
BA/BS, BA/BFA, BA/BMA*, BA/BTA**, etc. |
Must complete a minimum of 150 credit hours. May choose an established program or create own. |
|
University of Notre Dame |
BA/BS |
Five-year program. |
B. 授予一个本科和一个研究生学位的双学位
这类双学位通常可以在5-6年的学习中，上本科生课程的同时也上研究生水平的课程。毕业时，你将同时获得学士学位和硕士学位。
这类双学位通常很受欢迎，因为可以不再单独申请研究生项目，并且可以在较短时间同时拿到本科和研究生学位。
以下是提供这一选择的学校和要求
|
University |
Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree Combos Offered |
Notes |
|
American University |
Varies |
Must have earned at least 75 credits and a 3.0 GPA in order to apply. |
|
Boston University |
BA/MA, BA/MS |
144-160 credits required (varies depending on program). |
|
The George Washington University |
Varies |
Offers both joint programs (in which you earn both degrees at the same time) and dual programs (in which you earn your degrees at different times). |
|
Harvard University |
Liberal arts degrees (BA, BS, MA, MS, etc.) |
Must have 96 credits toward a BA with a 3.5 GPA or higher. People who already have bachelor’s degrees are ineligible. |
|
Johns Hopkins University |
BS/MS in Engineering |
Must be current undergraduates who have not completed eight full-time semesters at JHU. All students enrolled are awarded a half-tuition Dean’s Master’s Fellowship. |
|
New York University |
BA/MPA, BA/MUP*, BS/MUP |
Five-year program. Must be majoring in public administration or urban planning. |
|
Northwestern University |
Varies |
Restricted to undergraduates and “limited to certain degree programs within the University.” Must submit a combined degree application to admitting program. |
|
Ohio State University |
Varies |
Complete 90 undergraduate credit hours with a 3.5 GPA. |
|
Rochester Institute of Technology |
BS/MS, BS/ME, MBA |
Students may propose own dual degree program. Completion requirements must be “identical to the approved degree programs — no alterations are permitted.” |
|
University of Chicago |
BA/MA, BA/MAT**, BA/MPP, BA/MS, BS/MS |
Four- and five- year programs available. Credit requirements vary depending on program. |
|
University of Georgia |
Varies. Combinations include BS/MS, Engineering/MBA, BBA/MAcc*** |
Limited to specific fields of study. Requirements vary by school. |
|
University of Southern California |
BA/MS, BA/MAcc, BS/MS, BA/MA, BS/BA, etc. MBA and medical practitioner master’s not available. |
Must complete both degree programs in 12 semesters (six years). |
C. 同时授予两个研究生或者职业学位
这类双学位项目可以是两个不同的硕士学位的组合，也可以是一个硕士和一个职业或博士学位的组合。
例如，一些法学院提供双学位项目，使学生在获得法学博士（JD）的同时还能其他获得硕士或博士学位。
有些大学是提供规定的双学位项目，还有的可以给学生空间去选择适合自己的双学位组合。一些最常见的学位组合包括MA/PHD、MS/PHD、MA/JD, MBA/JD, JD/PhD, and MPH/MD。
|
University |
Graduate Degree Combos Offered |
Notes |
|
Duke University |
Master’s/Master’s, MBA/Master’s, Master’s/JD, PhD/JD, Master’s/PhD, Master’s/MD, PhD/MD |
Must be admitted to both programs. Hours requirements vary by program. |
|
Georgetown University |
Master’s/Master’s, MBA/Master’s, Master’s/JD, PhD/JD, Master’s/PhD, Master’s/MD, PhD/MD |
Limited to specific fields of study. |
|
Rutgers University |
Several combinations with JD, including MD, MA, MBA, MPH, PhD, MSW, etc. |
“A law student may create a dual-degree with another graduate degree offered by Rutgers or another institution.” |
|
Stanford University |
JD/MBA, MA/MBA, MPP/MBA, MS/MBA, MD/MBA |
Credit requirements vary depending on program. |
|
Suffolk University |
MBA/MS, MS/MS, MBA/JD, LLM*/JD, MPA/JD, MS/JD |
Limited to specific fields of study. Credit requirements and length of program vary. |
|
University of Arizona |
MAcc/MBA, MS/MS, MS/MBA, MS/JD, MA/JD, PhD/PhD, PhD/MD, PhD/JD, etc. |
Limited to specific fields of study. “Students cannot invent their own dual degrees.” |
|
University of California at Los Angeles |
MA/JD, MA/MPH***, MBA/JD, MBA/MD, MBA/MA, MA/MSW, etc. |
Must apply to and be accepted by both programs |
|
University of Cincinnati |
MBA/MS, MBA/MA, MBA/MSN**, JD/MA, JD/MBA, JD/PhD, etc. |
“The applicant must be accepted by both programs.” |
|
University of Colorado Boulder |
MA/MBA, MS/MBA, MS/ME, MA/MA, MBA/JD, JD/PhD, JD/MD, MS/JD, JD/MPA, etc. |
Limited to specific fields of study. Credit requirements vary depending on program. |
|
University of Illinois |
Varies; includes combos with MA, MS, MArch, MBA, MPH, MSW, JD, PhD, MD, etc. |
“A student who wishes to enter a joint degree program must be admitted separately to each program as a joint degree candidate.” |
|
University of Michigan |
Varies; includes combos with MA, MS, MPH, MPP, MUP, MBA, JD, PhD, MD, etc. |
Students may propose own dual degree program. Credit hour requirements vary by degree. |
|
University of Texas at Austin |
Master’s and professional degrees only; includes combos with MA, MS, MBA, MSE, JD, etc. |
Must be accepted by both programs. Limited to specific fields of study. |
双学位的优劣势
优势
拓宽知识技能。双学位项目最大的好处是你可以学到更多的东西，并成为一个以上的研究领域的专家。这可以带来更多成就感。
更多职业发展选择。同时学习两个领域意味着将获得很多关于这两个领域的经验和知识。因此，毕业后你会有更多的相关工作选择，多一些未来职业发展的潜在可能性。
如果选择学士和研究生的双学位组合，或者两个硕士学位组合，很可能节省费用。
劣势
所需时间更长。在双学位项目中，无论你追求的是什么类型的学位，都需要花在学校课程上更多的时间，也许没有机会休息和或者做实习等。
它可能不会增加你的收入潜力。虽然双学位可以拓宽职业前景，但它不一定能保证收入比选择单一学位的人更高。
可能造成前期金钱投入更多。虽然上面我们说到一些研究生双学位可以上重叠课程，但本科双学位总的花销上很可能比单一学位高。
双学位适合我吗？
如果考虑双学位，请同学们自问几个问题：
1. 是不是对不同领域同时产生兴趣。
2. 是不是可以接受更长时间的学习时间甚至是延迟毕业。
3. 花销是否是考虑因素。
总之，建议基于上述分析来考虑是否选择双学位。
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