以杜克大学为例,2020秋季到美国大学读书会是什么体验?

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在过去的一个月里,许多美国高校已经开始公布他们的秋季授课计划。虽然某些学校,例如加利福尼亚州立大学系统(不是加利福尼亚大学系统)秋季将全部实行线上课程,但大多数学校似乎打算采用混合授课形式,即允许学生参与远程学习和面授学习两种计划。位于北卡罗来纳州的杜克大学最近发布了他们的授课计划。简而言之,杜克将提前开学,并在感恩节之前结束秋季学期。而为了适应较早的开始的秋季学期(和较晚开始的春季学期),杜克也已经取消了秋假和春假。
 
虽然新生入学培训一直以来都是面对面进行的,但学校正在制定计划在错开入学时间之前,让学生参加在线入学培训。
杜克大学的课程将以三种形式提供:在杜克大学校园内的教室中进行的面对面教学,完全在线课程以及涉及面对面和在线教学相结合的混合课程。
 
学校也对学生提出了进一步的期望,包括在教室和公共场所戴口罩以及采取社交疏远措施。所有生活在校园中的学生在将在开始上课之前接受新冠病毒的测试,学校将使用监视应用程序进行日常健康检查。鉴于担心新冠病毒的在此爆发,预计本学期在校内或校外居住的学生都将留在达勒姆地区。
 
课内课外活动(如演讲,表演,俱乐部活动,活动)都将以虚拟方式举行,但也有机会举行符合大学和公共卫生准则的面对面聚会。校园餐饮中心将使用预订系统来提供更多外卖服务和有限的面对面服务。
 
杜克大学为了确保学生,教职员工的安全而做出的努力值得赞扬。但是,问题仍然存在:当留学经历涉及到与他人互动以了解美国文化时,这将如何影响国际学生的跨文化学习?
 
目前在美国社区依旧在使用口罩,尽管有些人抗议使用口罩,但仅仅是少数人。在课堂上,教师肯定会强制使用口罩,幸运的是,杜克大学正在考虑开设混合课堂——我无法想象不能实际操作怎么在远程上化学实验课,在线观看实验无法替代在实际中自己动手实验能学习到的东西。同样,在zoom上的戏剧课与现场学习也是不能相比的。虽然许多学生对录制的讲座表示赞赏,因为可以在自己方便的时候观看,但是那些需要同学之间互动的课程将受到影响,尤其当某些教师不习惯远程教学,不善于在这种环境下鼓励同学们积极参与的话。
 
很明显,杜克大学在重新开放课堂方面正努力考虑各个方面的安全。错峰入住的安排将缓解校园内父母和学生的“拥挤”,而在线学习也将缓解这种情况。但是,新生的迎新培训活动通常是学生遇到第一批大学朋友的地方——远程迎新是否能创造出类似的体验,值得怀疑。另一方面,有人指出,许多国际学生在学习期间都遇到语言障碍,这会导致他们丢失重要的信息。而线上的迎新培训可以使学生们更加集中精力,在舒适的环境里练习英语,并且如果有录制视频,国际学生可以反复观看入学培训的重要方面,例如非常重要的学术诚信政策等。
 
虽然口罩可能在教室中随处可见,但学生在聚会上,在宿舍中以及课外活动中会使用它吗?无论学校批准的活动有什么规定,问题仍然存在:学生会遵循这些社交疏离准则吗?鉴于社会生活在大学校园中的重要性,有人认为社交疏远不会发生。毫无疑问,学生仍将参加聚会。
 
我们给学生的建议是,确保他们注意自己的健康和安全。即使周围的学生没有戴口罩和保持安全,也要承担起自己的责任——戴好口罩,远离那些不安全的人,让自己远离可能发生感染的情况。秋季学期是一个挑战,学生尝试结交朋友,但潜在的同伴压力会让我们忽视保持社交距离。学生必须照顾好自己,即使周围人不戴口罩,自己也要戴好口罩,做出保证自己健康的明智选择。
 
美国有句谚语:“投入什么,就得到什么”。这句话适用于你的学习,即使是在线课程,也要全神贯注;不要因为坐在电脑旁上课就被聊天或玩游戏诱惑。通过参加线上学习小组来避免孤立——当学生在课程中面临困境时,他们通常会独自挣扎。远程学习会加剧这种潜在的破坏性行为,因此学生需要意识到如何寻求帮助(杜克大学的学术辅导中心必将有多种选择,让学生在此新规范中以新的方式获得课程帮助)。此外,杜克大学的TWP写作工作室已经改变了工作方式,因此,学生在选择使用此资源时会很快适应。
 
杜克大学对2020年秋季的开学计划是经过深思熟虑的。但是,就像任何一个大型社区一样,会有人遵守政策,也有些人不遵守。这将取决于你是否会为自己的健康做出最佳的选择,保证你的安全,并比以往任何时候都更加积极地参与你的学习生活。不要让语言障碍阻止你在校园内寻找资源以取得课堂上的成功,如果担心健康状况,不要独自坐在房间里(有健康问题请与学校健康中心联系)。
英文原文:
In the past month, many colleges and universities in the U.S. have begun to unveil their fall semester plans.  While some school systems such as the California State University system (not the University of California system) will be fully online in the fall, most appear to be adopting hybrid plans which will allow for students to engage in both remote and in person learning.  Duke University, in Durham NC, recently released their plans. In brief, their plan includes starting undergraduate classes earlier than usual, with the semester concluding before Thanksgiving.  Duke has eliminated Fall Break and Spring Break, in order to accommodate the earlier fall start (and later spring start).
While freshman orientation has historically been held in person, they are working on plans to have online orientation which students will participate in before their staggered arrivals to campus.
Duke’s courses will be offered in three formats: in-person instruction conducted in classrooms on the Duke campus, fully online courses and hybrid courses that involve some combination of in-person and online instruction. 
The institution has established further expectations for their students including the wearing of masks in classroom and public settings, along with social distancing measures.  All students living on campus will be tested for COVID-19 before they are permitted to begin classes and they will use a monitoring app for daily health checks.  Given the fears of a COVID-19 recurrence, all students living in on-campus or off-campus housing will be expected to remain in the Durham area during the semester.
Co-curricular and extra-curricular activities (lectures, performances, club activities,  events) will be held virtually, but there will be opportunities for in-person gatherings that meet university and public health guidelines.    On-campus dining centers will provide expanded take-out options and limited in-person service using reservation systems.
Duke is to be applauded for its efforts to make their campus safe for students, faculty and staff.  However, the question remains: how will this impact an international student’s cross cultural learning, when so much of the study abroad experience involves interaction with other people to learn the culture of the U.S.?
Masks are currently being used in U.S. communities and while there are those who protest the use of masks, those individuals are few and far between.  In class, instructors will certainly be able to enforce the use of masks and fortunately, Duke is considering hybrid classes — I cannot imagine taking a Chemistry lab remotely without the ability to manipulate my experiments, and watching these online cannot be a substitute for the learning that occurs in running one’s own experimental trials.  Similarly, a drama class would not be the same in a zoom environment.  While many WholeRen students have expressed an appreciation for recorded lectures which they can watch at their own convenience, classes which require peer to peer engagement will suffer at the hands of a faculty member who is uncomfortable in the remote learning environment and cannot successfully engage the class.  
It is clear that Duke is attempting to think about all aspects of safety as they begin to reopen classes.  Staggered move-in times will ease the massive ‘rush’ of parents and students on campus, and online orientation will also ease that transition.  However, orientation is where students often meet their first set of college friends – and it is doubtful that a remote orientation will create the same types of peer experiences.  On the other hand someone pointed out that many international students have struggled with language barriers during orientation, which has led to them missing vital information.  Online orientation may allow students to focus more, practice their English in the comfort of their room, and if sessions are recorded, give time for students to re-watch important aspects of orientation such as policies on academic integrity.
While masks may be omnipresent in classrooms, will students use them at parties, in their residence halls, and during extracurricular activities?  No matter what regulations are in place for school sanctioned events, the question remains: will students follow these social distancing guidelines?  Some believe that this will not happen, given the importance of social life on college campuses.  There is no doubt students will continue to party.
The advice we would offer students is to make sure they are watching out for their own health and safety. Even if students around you are not wearing masks and being safe, the responsibility will fall to yourself to take care of yourself — wear your mask, stay away from those who are not being safe, and take yourself out of situations where you could be exposed.  Fall will be challenging socially as students navigate trying to make friends but also potential peer pressure to ignore social distancing measures.  Students must take care of themselves, wear their masks even if others around them are not, and make smart choices related to their health.
The American saying, “you get out of it what you put into it”, should be applied to your education: even if it is an online class, pay attention fully to the course; do not be tempted to wechat or play a video game just because you are sitting at the computer for class. Avoid isolation by engaging in zoom study groups – when students struggle in a course, they often will struggle alone. Remote learning will exacerbate this potentially destructive behavior so students need to be aware of how to seek out help (Duke’s Academic Tutoring Center is bound to have options for students to get course assistance in novel ways during this new norm).  Additionally, Duke’s TWP Writing Studio has already shifted its work virtually, so there will be no learning curve for students when they choose to engage in this resource.  
The planning for Fall 2020 at Duke is in depth and well thought out. However, as with any large community, there will be those who follow the policies and those who do not. It will rest on you to make the best choices for your own health, advocate for your safety, and engage more actively with your education than you ever have in the past.  Do not let language barriers prevent you from finding resources on campus to help you succeed in your classes, and do not sit in your room alone if you are fearful of health situations (contact the Health Center with wellness concerns).

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