美国大学毕业典礼注意事项

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大学毕业典礼是一生中最独特私人的记忆之一。参加典礼时有许多小细节需要牢记,本文为您总结在庆祝活动前几天缓解压力的小贴士。

获取信息

在大学担任院长时,最令我沮丧的一件事是学生不懂得经常查收电子邮件,以至于不了解毕业前错综复杂需要准备的各种细节。记住这一点至关重要,尤其是在毕业时。
 
你会通过邮件收到来自导师、院长或教务处有关毕业进度的信息。例如,你是否被允许参加毕业?你的文凭是否会因为图书馆借贷过期而被扣留?你是否会在典礼上收到毕业证书还是会通过邮寄——如果邮寄,在哪里更新收件地址?你是否缺少毕业所需条件——比如体育学分?来参加典礼的亲友如何停车?能邀请多少位亲友?
 
不仅如此,你还将收到有关订购毕业礼帽及礼服,座位安排、排练安排以及亲友座位安排等详细信息。如果没有及时查收邮件并仔细阅读,你有可能随着毕业临近而感到困惑。
 
参加典礼彩排至关重要,你会知道自己坐在哪里,如何上台。而且许多学校会让你提前念出自己的名字,以便在典礼上能正确叫出你的名字。彩排时请记住重要事项,当那一天来临时,你就知道应当何时抵达现场以及在哪里集合。

礼帽和礼服的传统

知道吗?毕业时佩戴礼帽和礼服在最初是为了区分毕业生的宗教信仰,区分毕业生和普通民众以及让学生保暖。鉴于欧洲的教育机构是由神职人员在 12 世纪到 13 世纪建立的,学生们经常宣誓宗教誓言,因此有必要区分宗教信仰。
美国校际委员会于 1894 年召开会议,对礼帽和礼服的颜色和样式进行标准化统一。可变的元素包括颜色、袖子样式、材料、设计和兜帽长度。 例如,学士袍是尖袖,而硕士袍则是长袖,博士袍是黑色天鹅绒材质,以及袖子上有三个横条。 兜帽的长度不同,但与礼服本身的材料不同。

穿着建议

如今毕业典礼通常在夏季举行,戴礼帽和礼服往往是一件苦差事。 作为亲身参与者以及以院长身份多次参加毕业典礼的人,我给你的建议是:提前查看天气并在礼服下准备相应的衣服。我见过一个学生在礼服下穿比基尼泳衣(我不建议这样做,因为你的父母可能不会欣赏你之后拍的照片!)但通常情况下,可以参考商务休闲的穿法,男士不需要穿西装,只要偏正式即可。女生可以穿连衣裙,男生可以穿衬衫和休闲裤(不能是牛仔裤)。天气如果过于炎热,短裤也是可以的。对于女生再提醒一点,许多仪式都是在草地上进行的,所以我建议不要穿细高跟鞋,尤其在下雨天后。

正确穿戴礼帽和礼服

首先确保你买到合适的礼服——每个学位礼服是不同的!学士礼服的袖子短一点,手腕处不会延伸更长,确保你仔细检查。
然后将礼服从头顶穿上,天鹅绒“V”朝前。可以由朋友在身后帮助,找到礼服内的绳子。从绳子和下方,从內向外“翻转”,露出内部颜色。翻转后,可以将绳子钩在按钮上固定。接下来,在礼服的前面找到另一根绳子,将它固定在前面的按钮上,以减少在脖子上的拉力。有的礼服没有这个,可以用几个安全别针来固定。
关于礼帽,如果大小不合适,可以使用发夹固定。流苏放置在右侧,授予学位的仪式上,和其他同学一样,你的流苏将会挪到左侧。

毕业典礼期间注意事项

如果天气炎热,请带上一瓶水(有些学校可能会在椅子下提前准备一瓶水)。如果天气炎热、阳光明媚,并且是户外仪式,请涂上防晒霜并佩戴墨镜。无论在室内还是室外,穿着长袍而且长时间紧挨着坐在其他人旁边都会感觉到比较热。因此可以考虑戴上除臭剂和擦汗的纸巾。
现在大家都随身携带智能手机,所以在仪式中感到无聊的时候也可以有办法分散注意力。当年我拿到博士学位时,还没有智能手机,意识到毕业典礼很可能冗长乏味,于是把一本书塞进兜里,一边看书一边等毕业证,哈哈!我猜你们中的大多数人在典礼期间都会使用手机,记得确保手机静音。同时,建议你多留意典礼上的主题演讲者,他们经常会传授一些智慧之言……我听说过 J.K.罗琳的毕业典礼演讲非常鼓舞人心。最近我也正好看了了泰勒斯威夫特在纽约大学的演讲。
在典礼举行前,你应该知道是否真的会在仪式中收到正式文凭。一些规模较大的大学不会在大型仪式上向每个人授予学位,但在规模较小的大学,你将有机会被叫到名字走上舞台。如果有可能要上台,请提前了解是否会按照字母顺序点名,这样你可以提前知会亲友你大概在什么时候登上舞台。如果你的确在典礼上拿到真正的文凭,请一定小心!这将是唯一一份文凭,万一损毁,可能需要支付一笔费用,而且也可能会很麻烦。

总结

你为了毕业这一天付出那么多努力,虽然这是庆祝你的成就的仪式,通常这份仪式感也是为亲友而准备的。 他们为你的成功也投入了许多,并且很乐于与你分享喜悦。再次恭喜你毕业!希望我在这里分享的小建议帮你更轻松从容的度过完美的一天!

英文原文:
University Graduation in America: What’s it all about and what should I keep in mind?
Finding out information
One thing which was most frustrating to me while being an administrator at universities was when students would not read their emails and then not know the intricate details that lead up to graduation.
This is vital for you to keep in mind, especially when it comes to graduation.  Not only will you be receiving information about your progress to graduation from your advisor/dean/registrar (example: Will you actually be allowed to participate in graduation? Will your diploma be withheld because of an overdue library text?  Will you be receiving your actual diploma at graduation or will it be mailed — and if the latter, where do you update your address? Are you missing something for graduation — such as a physical education credit? What’s the parking situation going to be for your guests at graduation?  How many guests are you allowed at graduation?), but you will be receiving detailed information about ordering your cap and gown, where you will sit, the time of rehearsals and how guests will be seated at the ceremony.  Not checking your email and reading them carefully means confusion as graduation approaches, while university administrators become focused on the little details of the ceremony and finalizing graduation rosters.
Attending the ceremony rehearsals is vital so you know where you are sitting, how you are walking onstage and, very importantly, many schools will have you phonetically spell out your name so that your name is read correctly. Make sure you pay attention to what you are being told to do at rehearsals so that when the day arrives, you know when you should arrive and where you should assemble!
Why a cap and gown?
Did you know that the cap and gown we wear at graduation started as a way to distinguish the student’s religion, differences between the students and the non-students (e.g., the ‘townspeople’), and to keep students warm?  Given educational institutions in Europe were founded by clergy in the 12th and 13th centuries, students often took religious vows necessitating the need to distinguish religiosity.
The American Intercollegiate Commission met in 1894 to standardize the color and style of robes and hoods. Variations included color, sleeve style, material, design and hood length. For example, bachelors’ gowns were to have pointed sleeves whereas masters gowns had long closed sleeves; doctoral gowns included black velvet with three bars across the sleeves. Hoods vary in length, but not in material from the gowns itself.
Advice to you about attire
While today commencement ceremonies are most often held in the summertime, wearing the cap and gown is often a chore for those in the warm summer months where ceremonies are often held outdoors.  As someone who has attended multiple graduation ceremonies as both a participant and administrator — my advice to you:  check the weather and dress accordingly under your gown.  I have seen a student who chose to wear a bikini swimsuit under her gown (I would not recommend this given your parents will likely not appreciate the photos you take afterwards!) but more often than not, it is something business casual — not a suit for the men — but formal-ish.  Women in dresses, men in button down shirts and casual pants (not jeans, but possibly even shorts if it will be a hot day).  For the women, keep in mind that many of these ceremonies are held on fields which are grassy — so I advise against wearing stiletto heels, especially if it is after a rainy day.
How to wear your attire
The first thing to do is make sure that you have the right gown — the bachelors’ and higher degree gowns differ!  The bachelors’ gown sleeves are shorter, without any extension beyond the wrist. Make sure that you double check this.
Next take the hood and place it over your head, with the velvet “V” in front, letting the hood droop down your back.  With a friend behind you to help, have your friend find the string inside the hood.  From the string and below, the hood needs to be ‘flipped’ inside out so that the inside of the hood color shows.  After it is flipped, the string can be hooked to the button inside the hood to secure the hood arrangement.  Next you will find a string inside the V (at the front) of your hood.  That can be secured to a button inside the front of your gown to reduce pull of the hood at your neck; some gowns do not have this so I encourage you to make sure you have a few safety pins to help secure this.
For your cap:  bobby pins can be used if it does not fit right, this will help hold the cap in place.  Make sure you start with the tassel on the right – during the ceremony when your degree is conferred, you will–alongside your peers–shift your tassel left indicating your change in academic status.
During the Ceremony
If it is a hot day, bring a bottle of water (some schools may put one under your chair for outdoor ceremonies, but you never know).  Put on sunscreen and have sunglasses if it’s a hot, bright day and you have an outdoor ceremony.  It can get really warm sitting next to someone for such a long period of time regardless of if you are inside or outside–since you are in a gown and the chairs are generally squeezed very tightly–so be nice: wear your deodorant and you might want to bring some tissues to wipe sweat off your face.  Now, you all travel with a smartphone in hand so there’s plenty to distract you during the most often boring parts of the ceremony.  When I finally received my doctorate (no smart phones back then), I realized how long and tedious graduation ceremonies could be, so I tucked a book in my hood, and read while sitting to wait for my final diploma, haha!  My guess is most of you will be on your phone during the ceremony (make sure it is on silent and sound is muted in case it suddenly plays a loud video), but of course, pay attention to your keynote speaker because often, they impart some words of wisdom…I have heard that J.K. Rowling’s commencement speech was incredibly inspirational, and I just skimmed through Taylor Swift’s recent speech at NYU.
You should, by the time of the ceremony, know if you will be actually receiving your diploma at the event. Some larger universities do not confer degrees to each person at the large ceremony, but when you break off into your smaller colleges, you will get the chance to walk across your stage and have your name called.  If your name is being called, make sure you know if you will be in alphabetical order (so you can tell your guests/parents when you will cross the stage) or if you will not be going in any particular order (so you will need to keep in touch with your guests via text to let them know when you are approaching the stage).  If you do get your actual diploma at the ceremony, be careful!  It’s the one copy you will get and if you damage it, you will need to pay for a replacement, which can be onerous to request as well.
Summary
You have worked hard for this day and while it is an event to celebrate your accomplishments, often it is for the family and guests as well. They have invested in your success and share your joy on this occasion. Congratulations, and hope that the little advice I have shared helps make the day a little more manageable!

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